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991.
船舶油污侵权是民事侵权行为的一种,针对该种侵权的民事赔偿责任,国际上制订了专门的国际公约,一些国家也制定了自己的有关船舶油污损害的赔偿体系。在船舶油污损害责任制度下,一个核心问题就是责任主体问题,只有明确了责任主体,才能使油污损害赔偿得以顺利进行。但是调整国际油污损害赔偿的冲突规则比较匮乏,各国国内法的规定也不尽相同,如何适用法律,各国司法实践多有不同。立足于中国现行的法律体系,首先明确了各种船舶油污损害应当适用的法律,然后依据所适用的法律具体分析责任主体的确定问题。 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
土葬、火葬等传统殡葬方式对城市土地构成了越来越沉重的压力,体现节地、绿色等现代环保理念的新型冻干生态殡葬应运而生。冻干法殡葬(又称为Promession)最初是由瑞典人Wiigh-Msak开发出的一种遗体处理方法:遗体经液氮冷冻、粉化、干燥后,浅埋于地下,进入生态循环。本文比较了土葬、火葬、生态葬的优劣,综述了国内外冻干法生态殡葬的研究进展,提出了冻干葬法的技术难点及解决方案。本文为改革和创新遗体处理方式,推行生态葬法,倡导绿色、人文、科技殡葬,提出了新思路。 相似文献
995.
996.
Jie Liu Fan Chen Haiqing Geng Xinxin Qiu Binbin Cai 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(3):349-360
The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of
highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao
highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper.
For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced
to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils
of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis
and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required
by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by
highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of
the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health;
the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals
were considered. 相似文献
997.
Wei Song Jianguo Liu Yongfeng Nie 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(1):59-64
Pyrolysis is an alternative technology for oil sludge treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were employed to investigate the pyrolysis process and products of oil
sludge. The pyrolysis process was divided into five stages: drying and gas desorption, oil volatilization, main pyrolysis,
semi-coke charring, and mineral decomposition. The main reaction temperatures ranged from 497.6 K to 753.2 K. The products
were mainly composed of pairs of alkane and alkene (carbon number ranges from 1 to 27). The mechanisms consisted of random
chain scission followed by end chain scission at high temperatures with volatilization occurring during the whole process.
This study is useful not only for the proper design of a pyrolysis system, but also for improving the utilization of liquid
oil products. 相似文献
998.
随着高耗水农业的快速发展,城镇人口的急剧增加,加上持续的干旱,唐海县地下水长期处于超采状态,引起上覆咸水侵染地下淡水。分析1989—1998与2008年深层地下水氯离子浓度变化、1981—2007年咸水顶板埋深变化以及全县工农业布局,将唐海县划分为咸(海)水入侵的高度敏感区、较敏感区、一般敏感区和不敏感区,并进一步提出遏制咸(海)水入侵的措施。 相似文献
999.
Effect of wastewater composition on the calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shucheng Yang Yanling He Yonghong Liu Charles Chou Pengxiang Zhang Dongqi Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):142-149
Calcium carbonate often precipitates in anaerobic reactors treating wastewater with high calcium content. The aim of this
paper is to study the effect of wastewater composition on calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
(UASB) reactors. Two laboratory-scale UASB reactors were operated with calcium-containing influents using acetate and carbohydrate
as substrate, respectively. There was an obvious accumulation of inorganic precipitate observed in the biogranules. Observations
via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the acclimated biogranules in
the two reactors differed in microstructure. Calcium carbonate was found to have precipitated on the surface of acetate-degrading
biogranules, but precipitated at the core of the carbohydrate-degrading biogranules. The results indicated that substrates
had significant influence on the location of calcium carbonate precipitation in anaerobic granular sludge, which was expected
due to the different methanogens distribution and pH gradient within the granular sludge degrading various substrates. Moreover,
the location of calcium carbonate precipitation substantially affected the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the granular
sludge. The SMA of the acetate-degrading biogranules dropped from $
1.96 gCOD_{CH_4 } \cdot gVSS^{ - 1} \cdot d^{ - 1}
$
1.96 gCOD_{CH_4 } \cdot gVSS^{ - 1} \cdot d^{ - 1}
to $
0.61 gCOD_{CH_4 } \cdot gVSS^{ - 1} \cdot d^{ - 1}
$
0.61 gCOD_{CH_4 } \cdot gVSS^{ - 1} \cdot d^{ - 1}
after 180-d of operation in the reactor. However, the SMA of the carbohydrate-degrading biogranules was not adversely affected
by calcium carbonate precipitation. 相似文献
1000.
Lijing Meng Licheng Liu Xuehong Zi Hongxing Dai Zhen Zhao Xinping Wang Hong He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):164-171
A new method called ultrasonic-assisted membrane reaction (UAMR) was reported for the fabrication of ceria-zirconia solid
solution. A series of ceria-zirconia solid solutions with different Ce/Zr molar ratios were prepared by the UAMR method and
characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The UAMR method proved to
be superior, especially when the Ce/Zr molar ratio was lower than 1, in fabricating ceria-zirconia solid solutions with large
BET surface area, high oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and low reduction temperature. 相似文献